I think it would have been quite hard to get a brain scan before. There were other techniques that existed, for example EEG (or electroencephalography) which doesn’t really give you a brain scan but can tell you about activity that is taking place in the brain. I suppose this can be used for diagnostic purposes for example if someone has had a head injury to check if a particular part of the brain is working or not!
Additionally, in the early 1900s there was a technique developed called angiography whereby both normal and abnormal blood vessels in and around the brain could be visualized with great accuracy.
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